Among these semiconductors, some metal oxides, for instance, stannic oxide, titanium oxide, cuprous oxide, and vanadium pentoxide are the most important base materials in industry for gas sensors, transistors, and electrode material as well as catalysts. Preliminary studies of some of these one-dimensional nanostructures indicate that they may be used as microscopic probes, field emission sources, storage materials, and light-emitting devices with extremely low power consumption. They are perhaps the most versatile building blocks for optical and (opto-)electronic circuits at the nanoscale. Semiconductor one-dimensional structures, i.e., nanorods and nanowires with diameters ranging from 1 to 400 nm and lengths of up to hundreds of micrometers, are known to have many interesting physical properties and great potential applications in semiconductor and electronic technologies, which have stimulated intensive, worldwide research activities. Compared to isotropic nanoparticles and two dimensional thin films, one dimensional nanostructures such as nanofibers and nanowires are much more anisotropic, i.e., the aspect ratio of length to diameter can attain very high values. Nanoscaled materials are of great interest for their unique structure and properties. Sometimes, nanofibers were also used to describe the NW morphology, particularly when the NWs are very long and not single crystalline. Typical NB structures are single crystals with well-defined side crystal facets. NB is a special NW structure with a rectangular cross-section. In general, NRs are NWs with a small aspect ratio (i.e., short NWs), which typically appear rigid and straight. There is a significant different in geometry, property, and synthesis strategies between the nanotube and the first three categories, i.e., NW, NR, and NB. The first three categories all possess a solid structure, while the nanotube has a hollow center. The crystallinity of TiO2 NWs has been made better by enhancing Ar flow due to increasing of VLS growth method.Д«ased on the geometry, 1D nanostructures typically consist of four categories: nanowire (NW), nanorod (NR), nanobelt (NB), and nanotube. Also, microstructure properties have been studied by X-ray diffraction analysis such as dislocation density and texture coefficient. The WilliamsonвЂ“Hall mechanism was applied as the vital tools for characterization of crystallite size and microstrain. Also, the band gap enhanced from 3.35 to 3.45 eV by increasing the argon flow, since the wires became thinner and longer. Our results showed that the band gap has been enhanced in comparison with bulk one due to the quantum confinement. The absorbance curve of TiO2 nanowires has been drawn by using spectrophotometer and their band gap was measured. The field emission scanning electron microscope figures indicated that with increasing gas flow, nanowires became thinner and longer. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that TiO2 NWs formed in rutile phase and their preferred orientation was in (110). The gas flow was varied from 60 to 170 sccm. Optical and microstructure properties of TiO2 NWs have been reviewed under different argon carrier gas flows. Software: Carrier E20-II, Hevacomp Load Analysis Software, IES Dynamic Modeling Software, AUTO DUCT, TRICAD MS, Bentley Buildings Mechanical, Revit MEPTiO2 nanowires (NWs) have been fabricated by thermal evaporation method, using the vaporвЂ“liquidвЂ“solid (VLS) growth method and Au thin layer as a catalyst which were coated on titanium/quartz substrate. Our HVAC design and drafting services cater to Developers, Architects, General Contractors as well as prime MEP consultants. We specialize in providing design, engineering and drafting services for large scale commercial, residential and retail projects in the field of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. Software: Carrier E20-II, Hevacomp Load Analysis Software, IES Dynamic Modeling Software, AUTO DUCT, TRICAD MS, Bentley Buildings Mechanical, Revit MEP.

Plant room layout including detailed sections.

Acoustic Calculations, Selection of Attenuators and Vibration Pads.

Equipment general arrangement plan (AHU, Chiller, CT, Pumps, etc).Heating, Cooling & Ventilation Schematics.Sizing & Selection of HVAC Equipments (Boiler, Pump, Chiller, AHU, etc.).Please see below for a list of the services we provide in HVAC design and detailing: Our HVAC designand drafting services cater to Developers, Architects, General Contractors as well as prime MEP consultants.

Carrier e20 ii